常用临床医学英文词

diseases 疾患

acute diseases 引性患

advanced diseases 患再加期，晚期疾患

chronic diseases慢性患

communicable diseases 传染患

complicating diseases 并发患

congenital diseases 先天性疾患

acquired diseases 后天性疾患

contagious diseases接触性传染患

endemic diseases 地方患

epidemic diseases 流行患

functional diseases 机能患、选择性患

infectious diseases 传染患

inherited diseases 遗传患

malignant diseases恶性患

nutritional diseases 营养患

occupation diseases 职业患

organic diseases 器质性患

paroxysmal diseases 阵发性患

periodical diseases 周期患

primary（principal）diseases原发（主导）患

secondary diseases 继发患

sexual（venereal, social）diseases 性患

terminal diseases 绝症

wasting diseases 消耗性疾患chief complaint 主诉

clinical manifestation 临床表现

delivery history 分娩通史

etiology患因学

family history 家族通史

history, medical history 患通史

precipitating（induced）诱因

marital status一家之主

menstrual history 月经通史

menarche 初潮

menopause闭经

past history既往通史

pathogenesis 发患机制

personal history 个人通史symptoms 患征伐

cardinal symptom 主要患征伐

classical symptom 值得注意患征伐

concomitant symptom 伴发患征伐

constitutional（systemic） symptom 上半身患征伐

indirect symptom 间接患征伐

induced symptom 诱发患征伐

local symptom 局部患征伐

mental symptom信念患征伐

symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 癫痫，症候群

signs恶性肿瘤伐

antecedent 前置征伐

assident （accessory） 副征伐

commemorative 痛楚

sign of death 死征伐

diagnostic患因征伐

sign of disease 患征伐

subjective 心里征伐，客观性征伐

vein sign静脉征伐vital sign 生命恶性肿瘤伐

body length （height of the body） 身高

body weight 体重

barrel chest 桶状胸部

cachexia 恶患质

compulsive position 被动

critical facies 患危面容

emaciation 瘦削

enophthalmos 面部下陷

entropion 睑内翻

exophthalmos 面部引人注意

flushed face 不动潮浅蓝

gain （loss） in weight 增加（减轻）体重

lock-jaw 牙关紧闭

lordosis 脊柱前凸

nasal ala flap 后背部扇动

nystagmus 眼震

obesity 肥胖

pallor 苍白

scolisis 脊柱侧凸

agitation 惊恐不安

debility, weakness 孱弱

diaphoresis 呕吐，大量呕吐

dizziness, vertigo 麻痹

lassitude, fatigue 无力，不止

malaise 患患

night sweat 盗汗

numbness 麻木

rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷

perspiration, sweating 呕吐

pruritus, itching 咳嗽，

somasthenia 上半身无力

tingling 麻刺观者abscess 脓肿

acidosis 心力衰竭

adhesion 粘连

alkalosis 碱中毒

allergy 过敏自由基

coagulation defect 免疫不当

congestion 粘液

dehydration 脱水

distention 膨胀

edema 水肿

embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱

gangrene 肿胀

hematoma 血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

infarction 梗塞，梗死

infection 传染

inflammation 囊肿

ketoacidosis 内酯心力衰竭

metastasis 移转到

perforation 穿孔

necrosis 囊肿

shock 上半身性

response 自由基，应答

reaction 自由基，观者应

thrombosis 血栓形成

ulceration 水肿fever, pyrexia 发烧，发烧

continuous fever 稽留热

intermittent fever 间歇热

low-grade fever 低热

remittent fever 驰张热

relapsing fever 回归热pain 不止

burning pain 灼不止

chest（flank,…） pain 胸部（胁疣…）不止

cramp-like pain 痉挛性不止

dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝不止

pleuritic pain 胸部膜炎性不止

radiating pain （pain radiating to…） 放射性不止（放射到…疼不止）angina 胃不止

cardiac angina 心胃不止

backache 疼不止

colic 胃不止，引疣不止

earache 耳不止

headache 头不止

neuralgia 神经不止

migraine 性疾患

rebound tenderness 反跳不止

somatalgia 上半身不止

sore throat 咽喉不止

stomachache 胃不止

toothache 牙不止

bloody sputum 带血的腹水

cough 咳嗽

dry cough 干咳

expectoration 咳腹水

expectoration of blood 肺水肿

hemoptysis 肺水肿anoxia 高热

apnea 排尿暂停，喉咙

asthma 诱发，哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration 夫－古氏排尿，潮式排尿

dyspnea 腹不止

hyperpnea hyperventilation 主因排尿，换气主因

hypopnea 排尿不全， 排尿浅表

hypoxia 低氧，高热

orthopnea 端坐排尿

respiratory arrest 排尿停止

suffocation 喉咙

tachypnea 排尿引促

fetid breath 口臭

fruity breath 排尿有水果汁arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐

atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest 心搏骤停

cardiac hypertrophy 肺部高而

cyanosis 发绀，青紫

distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张

extrasystole 期外挤压

gallop rhythm 奔马律

hemopleura 血胸部

hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia （循环系统）血容量增大

palpitation 诱发

tachycardia 心动过速

pneumothorax 腹水部

thrill 震颤

absent breath sounds 排尿韵变成

dull sound 浊韵

hyperresonant 鼓韵

rale 马儿韵

rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾韵，干马儿韵

wheeze 哮鸣韵anorexia, loss of appetite 头晕，厌食

dysphagia 吞咽困难

eructation 嗳气

belching 嗳气

flatulence 气胀

flatus 肠胃气，屁

gaseous distention 胃胀气

hematemesis 呕血

hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆

nausea 焦虑

pyrosis 胃灼热

regurgitation 反胃，回流

thirsty 喝水

vomiting 呕吐

fissure, crack in the c 肛裂

ascites 疣水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状疣

decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤西移动

exophageal varices 食管腰椎

fistula 瘘，瘘管

hemorrhoid 痔

hernia 疝

hepatomegaly 肝肿大

intussusception 肠套叠

jaundice 黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 疣壁肌卫

peristalsis 蠕动

loss of peristalsis 蠕动变成

mass peristalsis 总蠕动

retrograde （reversed） peristalsis 逆蠕动

prolapse 脱垂

prolapse of anus 脱肛

rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结大石， 大石

biliary calculus 胆结大石

vesical calculus 膀胱结大石constipation 再秘

defecation 排再

diarrhea 疣泻

incontinence of feces 大再失禁

hematochezia 再血

fecal impaction 大再嵌塞

occult blood 潜血

painful straining with defecation 排再不止性牵动

clay colored stools 陶土色再

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡的集水杯

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪再，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools 再少而硬

tarry （black） stools 柏油的集再anuria 无尿

burning sensation no urination 手淫时的变黑观者

dysurea 手淫困难，尿不止

enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿

frequency of urination 尿频

micturation 手淫

uresis, urination, voiding 手淫

nocturia 夜尿

oliguria 少尿

polyuria 多尿

tenesmus 里引后重

vesical tenesmus 手淫时里引后重

uremia coma 尿毒症苏醒

urgency of urination 尿引

urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

chyluria 血清尿

cylindruia 管型尿

glycosuria 糖尿

hematuria 血尿

ketonuria 内酯尿

pneumatinuria 气尿

proteinuria 蛋白尿

pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经

dysmenorrhea 不止经

menorrhagia 月经过多

lochia 恶露

menorrhea 行经，月经过多

menstruation 月经

uterine contraction 子宫挤压blotch 斑块

bruise 挫伤，青肿

acne 痤疮，粉刺

desquamation 绒毛，脱屑

ecchymosis 脾斑

loss of skin turgor 失去表皮充盈

nevus 伤疤

papule 丘甲状腺肿

petechia 脾点，脾斑

pigmentation 色素沉着

pustule 脓疱

purpura 紫癫

red nodule 浅蓝结节

roseola 玫瑰甲状腺肿

scar 印记

senile plaque 老人斑

spider anaioma 蛛形伤疤

subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节

urticaria 荨麻甲状腺肿

vesicle 小水疱

vitiligo 斑blindness 失明

blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊

impaired vision 视力下降

lacrimation 流泪

papilledema 视神经水肿

photophobia 畏光，羞明

retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋

hearing loss 听力剥夺

tinnitus 耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血

impaired smelling 嗅觉语言障碍

nasal discharge 粘液

nasal obstruction 消化不良

sneeze 浑身

snore 打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice 失韵症

hoarseness 嘶哑

gum bleeding 齿龈出血

herpes labialis 唇疱甲状腺肿，观者冒疮

Koplik's spots 洛特克斑

lead line of the gum 龈铅线

salivation, drooling 流口水

straw-berry tongue 柚子褶

tremulous tongue 褶震颤atrophy 萎缩

contracture 挛缩

deformity 畸形，变形

dislocation 脱位

fracture 左腿

closed （simple）fracture 无创左腿，单纯性左腿

comminuted fracture 粉碎性左腿

compound fracture 哆开（关键在于）左腿

knock-knee 后背撕裂

opisthotonos 角弓反张

prosthesis 适配

spasm 痉挛

tetany （肌）强直，手足拢搦

wrist drop 中指下垂aphasia 心理障碍

ataxia 共济失调

coma 苏醒

consciousness 感官，心里

convulsion 拢搐，惊厥

delirium 谵妄

delusion 妄想

faint 伤痕累累

hallucination 幻觉

hemiplegia 偏瘫

increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高

insanity 信念错乱

loss of orientation 定向剥夺

mania 躁狂

memory defects, amnesia 清醒缺损，遗忘症

paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹

projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐

somnolence, （lethargy） 中毒者，消化不良

stupor 木僵，昏呆

tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪

unconsciousness 失去感官

yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

cerebral （febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……） crisis

脊髓（热、血性、溶血、疣水、甲状腺中毒…）危象

failure 衰竭，过热

central （circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory） failure

的中心（循环系统、心力、肌肉组织、周围循环系统、粘液性、肾、排尿…）衰竭diagnosis患因

auscultation 听诊

inspection 视诊

palpation触诊

percussion 叩诊

laboratory examination 实验室检查

physical examination 体格检查

rectal （vaginal） touch 直肠（）指诊

impression 印象

tentative diagnosis 暂定患因

differential diagnosis 识别患因

final diagnosis 先前患因

prognosis 预后

prescription 处方

incubation （latent） period 潜伏期

prodromal stage 前置期

incipient stage 中期

quiescent stage 静止期

alleviation 减轻，缓和

remission 缓解

attack 发作

convalescence （recovery） stage 恢复期

rehabilitation 康复

relapse 病情恶化

sudden death 猝死

moribund 精神异常的

course of the disease 患程

course of the treatment 疗程

indication 用药，指征伐

complication 并发症

contraindication 禁忌症

side-effect 副作用

sequel （sequela）, after effect 痛楚

therapies 治疗方法

acupuncture therapy 钳子疗法

block therapy 封闭疗法

chemical therpy （chemo-therapy） 上半身性

combined therapy 综合疗法

conservative therapy 保守疗法

constitutional therapy 上半身疗法

dietetic therapy 饮食疗法

operative treatment 手术疗法

palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法

physical therapy 物理疗法

psychotherapy 信念疗法

radical treatment 消解

radio-therapy 放射性疗法

supporting treatment 支持疗法

symptomatic treatment对症疗法

cardiac massage 肺部按摩

cardiac pacing 肺部起博

electrotherapy 电疗法

electroshock treatment 电上半身性疗法

hemodialysis 放射治疗

hyperbaric therapy 外科手术疗法

insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素上半身性疗法

light therapy 光疗法

therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育